The Many Names of Iraq Before It Was Known as Iraq

Sumerian Era: "Kalam"

In the ancient Sumerian era, Iraq was referred to as "Kalam," meaning "region" in Arabic. This term was coined by King Lugal-Zage-Si. Learn more about Sumerian history here.

Akkadian Period: "Kibrat Arbaim"

During the Akkadian period, Iraq formed part of the world's first empire. It was known as "Kibrat Arbaim," meaning "The Four Corners," a term also used for surrounding regions. Discover more about the Akkadian Empire here.

Babylonian Times: "Babili"

In the Babylonian era, Iraq was called "Babili" or "Babylonia," signifying "House of God." Explore Babylonian history here.

Assyrian Period: "Ashur"

During the Assyrian period, Iraq was part of the Assyrian Empire and was known as "Ashuria," derived from the Assyrian god Ashur, a deity of weather and the solar horizon. Read more about Assyrian history here.

Aramaic Influence: "Beth Nahrain"

In this phase, Iraq was broadly termed "Beth Nahrain" in Aramaic, meaning "Between the Two Rivers." This name reflects the geographic location of Iraq between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Learn more about Aramaic history here.

The current name "Iraq" is believed to have originated from the Sumerian word "Uruk" or "Erech," signifying "settlement."

Source Reference:

• "Iraqology" by Khaz'al Al-Majidi
• "From Our Ancient Linguistic Heritage"

Explore more about Iraq's history and culture on our blog.